Cancer in Cats: What Pet Owners Should Know

Cancer in cats is a disease that happens when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the body, affecting organs, tissues, or bones. Just like in humans, cancer in cats can vary in type, location, and severity. While the diagnosis can feel overwhelming, understanding how cancer develops, the common signs to look for, and what veterinary care involves can give you a clearer path forward. At Schertz Animal Hospital, we are committed to guiding families through this process with compassionate care and advanced medical support. If you ever have concerns about your cat’s health, request an appointment or call us at (210) 659-0345.

 

 

What Cancer in Cats Means for Pet Owners

Hearing that your cat may have cancer is difficult. Cancer in cats develops when normal cells mutate and begin dividing uncontrollably. These cells can form tumors or spread throughout the body, interfering with normal body functions. Some forms of cancer in cats are more aggressive than others, but many cases benefit from early detection and treatment.

Cats are often masters at hiding discomfort, which means health changes can go unnoticed until the disease progresses. That’s why routine veterinary visits and monitoring for subtle changes at home are essential. Pet owners who stay alert to shifts in appetite, energy, or behavior help their veterinarian provide care as quickly as possible.

Common Types of Cancer in Cats

Cancer in cats can affect many areas of the body. Some types are more frequently diagnosed than others.

Lymphoma

Lymphoma is the most common cancer in cats, often linked to the immune system. It affects the lymph nodes, spleen, or gastrointestinal tract. Cats with a history of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection are at higher risk.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This cancer typically appears in the mouth or on the skin, especially areas exposed to the sun. Oral tumors may cause drooling, bad breath, or difficulty eating, while skin tumors may show up as sores that do not heal.

Mammary Tumors

Unspayed female cats are more likely to develop mammary tumors. Many of these tumors are malignant, which is why spaying at an early age greatly reduces the risk.

Fibrosarcoma

Fibrosarcoma is a cancer of the connective tissue. These tumors can grow aggressively in the body and may recur even after removal.

Hemangiosarcoma

This is a rare but aggressive cancer of the blood vessels. It often affects internal organs and may not be visible until it is advanced.

Signs of Cancer in Cats

Because cats often mask their symptoms, recognizing potential warning signs is vital.

• Noticeable lumps or swelling under the skin
• Sudden weight loss or loss of appetite
• Unexplained lethargy or decreased activity
• Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
• Difficulty breathing or coughing
• Non-healing wounds or sores
• Bad breath, drooling, or difficulty chewing
• Behavioral changes such as hiding or irritability

While these signs do not always indicate cancer in cats, they do warrant a veterinary exam. The earlier cancer is diagnosed, the more options your veterinarian may have for care.

Diagnosing Cancer in Cats

Diagnosing cancer in cats requires multiple steps to determine the type, location, and severity of the disease.

Physical Examination

Your veterinarian will start with a full physical exam to check for visible or palpable lumps, swelling, or changes in body condition.

Diagnostic Imaging

X-rays or ultrasounds help identify tumors and evaluate if cancer has spread to internal organs.

Laboratory Testing

Blood tests, urinalysis, and other lab work provide insight into your cat’s overall health and organ function.

Biopsy

A tissue sample, collected through a biopsy, is often needed to confirm the diagnosis. Microscopic examination helps determine the type of cancer in cats and guides treatment planning.

What to Expect from Cancer Care in Cats

Cancer in cats does not have a one-size-fits-all treatment. The recommended plan depends on the type of cancer, how advanced it is, and your cat’s overall health.

Surgery

In many cases, surgery is performed to remove tumors. Surgery can be effective when cancer is localized and has not spread.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy may be used to slow or stop the growth of cancer cells. Cats often tolerate chemotherapy better than humans, with fewer side effects.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation can be used to shrink tumors or control their growth. This option is often combined with other treatments.

Palliative Care

When curative treatment is not possible, palliative care focuses on comfort and quality of life. Pain management and supportive care help cats remain comfortable.

Supporting Your Cat with Cancer at Home

When a cat is diagnosed with cancer, ongoing support at home is just as important as veterinary care.

• Provide a cam, stress-free environment.
• Encourage eating by offering palatable food, as directed by your veterinarian.
• Administer prescribed medications consistently.
• Keep track of changes in weight, appetite, and activity.
• Bring your cat for recommended follow-up visits.

Cats thrive when they feel safe and cared for, so maintaining a routine and offering affection can make a meaningful difference.

Preventive Steps That May Lower Cancer Risk

While not all cancers can be prevented, certain steps can help reduce risks.

• Spay or neuter your cat to lower the chance of reproductive cancers.
• Keep your cat indoors or provide safe sun protection to reduce the risk of skin cancer.
• Provide a balanced diet and maintain a healthy weight.
• Schedule regular wellness exams to catch potential health issues early.
• Vaccinate against FeLV to reduce the risk of lymphoma.

Preventive care gives your veterinarian more opportunities to identify problems early, which can lead to better outcomes.

Partnering with Your Veterinarian for Ongoing Care

Facing cancer in cats can feel overwhelming, but you are not alone. Your veterinarian is your partner in navigating this journey, offering guidance, treatment, and support for both you and your cat. At Schertz Animal Hospital, we understand the challenges families face and work with you to provide individualized care that respects your cat’s needs.

If you have questions or concerns about cancer in cats, request an appointment or call (210) 659-0345. Our team is equipped to help your cat live with comfort, dignity, and as much joy as possible.